1. Выберите правильный вариант Hearing a loud noise, we were shocked to move.  participle  gerund The...

Давайте рассмотрим каждый пример и определим, является ли подчеркнутое слово причастием (participle) или герундием (gerund).

1. Hearing a loud noise, we were shocked to move.

   • Hearing
   • participle

   Explanation: "Hearing" в данном контексте является причастием, так как оно описывает действие, происходящее одновременно с основным действием ("we were shocked").

2. The driver was seriously injured during the accident and is now fighting for his life.

   • fighting
   • participle

   Explanation: "Fighting" здесь является причастием, так как оно описывает текущую активность водителя.

3. She ruined her sight by playing computer games.

   • playing
   • gerund

   Explanation: "Playing" в данном случае является герундием, так как оно функционирует как существительное, объясняя причину действия "ruined".

4. They saw a boy in the park standing on his head.

   • standing
   • participle

   Explanation: "Standing" является причастием, так как оно описывает состояние мальчика, которого они увидели.

5. Speaking is a whole lot easier than doing.

   • Speaking
   • gerund

   Explanation: "Speaking" является герундием, так как оно используется как подлежащее предложения.

6. Screaming the names of participants, the audience cheered the runners.

   • Screaming
   • participle

   Explanation: "Screaming" здесь причастие, описывающее действие аудитории.

7. Smoking in public places is forbidden.

   • Smoking
   • gerund

   Explanation: "Smoking" является герундием, так как оно используется как подлежащее предложения.

8. Jumping over the fence, the burglars managed to escape from the prison.

   • Jumping
   • participle

   Explanation: "Jumping" здесь причастие, описывающее действие грабителей.

9. Nobody was surprised at John being absent.

   • being
   • gerund

   Explanation: "Being" является герундием, так как оно используется как объект предлога "at".

10. They wasted their money on buying useless things.

    • buying
    • gerund

    Explanation: "Buying" является герундием, так как оно используется как объект предлога "on".

11. Swimming is popular form of keeping one’s body fit.

    • Swimming
    • gerund

    Explanation: "Swimming" является герундием, так как оно используется как подлежащее предложения.

12. Michael was angry at Jill for trying to fool him.

    • trying
    • gerund

    Explanation: "Trying" является герундием, так как оно используется как объект предлога "for".

13. The boy entered the room smiling.

    • smiling
    • participle

    Explanation: "Smiling" является причастием, описывающим состояние мальчика в момент входа в комнату.

14. Aren’t you afraid of telling the truth?

    • telling
    • gerund

    Explanation: "Telling" является герундием, так как оно используется как объект предлога "of".

15. Singing to herself in a shower is something that makes her life wonderful.

    • Singing
    • gerund

    Explanation: "Singing" является герундием, так как оно используется как подлежащее предложения.

Таким образом, правильные ответы для каждого примера приведены выше.

Gerunds are verb forms that function as nouns, while participles are verb forms that can function as adjectives. In the given sentences:

• "Hearing a loud noise, we were shocked to move." - In this sentence, "hearing" is a gerund because it is functioning as the subject of the sentence.
• "The driver was seriously injured during the accident and is now fighting for his life." - In this sentence, "injured" is a participle because it is describing the driver.
• "She ruined her sight by playing computer games." - In this sentence, "playing" is a gerund because it is the object of the preposition "by."
• "They saw a boy in the park standing on his head." - In this sentence, "standing" is a gerund because it is describing the action of the boy.
• "Speaking is a whole lot easier than doing." - In this sentence, "speaking" is a gerund because it is the subject of the sentence.
• "Screaming the names of participants, the audience cheered the runners." - In this sentence, "screaming" is a participle because it describes what the audience was doing.
• "Smoking in public places is forbidden." - In this sentence, "smoking" is a gerund because it is the subject of the sentence.
• "Jumping over the fence, the burglars managed to escape from the prison." - In this sentence, "jumping" is a gerund because it describes the action of the burglars.
• "Nobody was surprised at John being absent." - In this sentence, "being" is a gerund because it is the object of the preposition "at."
• "They wasted their money on buying useless things." - In this sentence, "buying" is a gerund because it is the object of the preposition "on."
• "Swimming is popular form of keeping one’s body fit." - In this sentence, "swimming" is a gerund because it is the subject of the sentence.
• "Michael was angry at Jill for trying to fool him." - In this sentence, "trying" is a gerund because it is the object of the preposition "for."
• "The boy entered the room smiling." - In this sentence, "smiling" is a participle because it describes the boy.
• "Aren’t you afraid of telling the truth?" - In this sentence, "telling" is a gerund because it is the object of the preposition "of."
• "Singing to herself in a shower is something that makes her life wonderful." - In this sentence, "singing" is a gerund because it is the subject of the sentence.