Преобразовать из прямой в косвенную речь 1. Paris is the capital of France: said the teacher. The teacher...

1. The little boy said that he didn't break the window.
2. She told him to eat his dinner.
3. Jane asked Helen if she had seen this film.
4. Fiona said that she had had an argument with Mark the day before.
5. The manager explained that the new guests would arrive the next day.
6. George said that Greece is hotter than England.
7. Simon asked the stranger where the post office was.
8. Michael said that he might go sailing the following week.
9. The mother told her children not to eat with their fingers.

Вот преобразование предложений из прямой речи в косвенную:

1. Paris is the capital of France, said the teacher.
   The teacher said that Paris was the capital of France.

2. I didn't break the window, said the little boy to her.
   The little boy told her that he hadn't broken the window.

3. Eat your dinner, she said to him.
   She told him to eat his dinner.

4. Have you seen this film? Jane asked Helen.
   Jane asked Helen if she had seen that film.

5. I had an argument with Mark yesterday, said Fiona.
   Fiona said that she had had an argument with Mark the day before.

6. The new guests will arrive tomorrow, explained the manager.
   The manager explained that the new guests would arrive the next day.

7. Greece is hotter than England, said George.
   George said that Greece was hotter than England.

8. Where is the post office? Simon asked the stranger.
   Simon asked the stranger where the post office was.

9. I might go sailing next week, Michael said.
   Michael said that he might go sailing the following week.

10. Don't eat with your fingers, the mother said to her children.
    The mother told her children not to eat with their fingers.

Обратите внимание на изменения, которые происходят при преобразовании: время глаголов меняется, местоимения и наречия могут быть скорректированы для соответствия контексту.

Прямая речь (Direct Speech) преобразуется в косвенную речь (Reported Speech) по определённым правилам: изменение времени (если это необходимо), местоимений, наречий времени и места, а также структуры предложений. Вот преобразование предложений из прямой в косвенную речь:

1. "Paris is the capital of France," said the teacher.
The teacher said that Paris is the capital of France.

• Здесь время не изменяется, так как речь идет о факте, который всегда остается истинным (general truth).

2. "I didn't break the window," said the little boy to her.
The little boy told her that he hadn't broken the window.

• "I" меняется на "he" (местоимение), так как говорящий - мальчик.
• Время меняется с Past Simple на Past Perfect в косвенной речи.

3. "Eat your dinner," she said to him.
She told him to eat his dinner.

• Приказ преобразуется в инфинитив с частицей to.
• "Your" меняется на "his" (личное местоимение, соответствующее местоимению "him").

4. "Have you seen this film?" Jane asked Helen.
Jane asked Helen if she had seen that film.

• Вопрос преобразуется в косвенную речь с использованием if (для общего вопроса).
• Время меняется с Present Perfect на Past Perfect.
• "This" меняется на "that" (указательное местоимение).

5. "I had an argument with Mark yesterday," said Fiona.
Fiona said that she had had an argument with Mark the day before.

• "I" меняется на "she".
• "Yesterday" меняется на "the day before".
• Время остается Past Perfect, так как оно уже завершенное.

6. "The new guests will arrive tomorrow," explained the manager.
The manager explained that the new guests would arrive the next day.

• "Will" меняется на "would" (модальный глагол).
• "Tomorrow" меняется на "the next day".

7. "Greece is hotter than England," said George.
George said that Greece is hotter than England.

• Время не изменяется, так как это утверждение о факте (сравнение).

8. "Where is the post office?" Simon asked the stranger.
Simon asked the stranger where the post office was.

• Прямой вопрос преобразуется в косвенный, структура вопроса становится утвердительной.
• Время меняется с Present Simple на Past Simple.

9. "I might go sailing next week," Michael said.
Michael said that he might go sailing the following week.

• "I" меняется на "he".
• "Next week" меняется на "the following week".
• Глагол might не меняется, так как модальные глаголы в некоторых случаях остаются неизменными.

10. "Don't eat with your fingers," the mother said to her children.
The mother told her children not to eat with their fingers.

• Отрицание преобразуется в not to + глагол.
• "Your" меняется на "their" (соответствующее местоимение).

Обратите внимание на ключевые изменения:

• Изменение времени (если необходимо).
• Преобразование местоимений (в зависимости от говорящего и слушающего).
• Изменение наречий времени и места (например, "yesterday" → "the day before", "this" → "that").
• Вопросы и приказы преобразуются в утверждения с соответствующими структурами (if/whether, to/not to + глагол).